Rivers&Streams+Facts

Rivers&Streams Facts
By: Eric K. and Kevin P.

__Monerans:__ a single celled organism that has no true nucleus. They are microscopic, and they are also known as bacteria. The live in huge masses in every condition. Some make their own food while other absorb food from the environment. //Escherichia col////i// (or E coli for short) lives in the intestines of warm blooded organisms. They get into the water from sewer leaks and feces. They are bacilli shaped, or long and tubular. E coli can cause sever diarrhea and haemolytic uremic syndrome (in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail). .

Bacterium Name: //Fecal coliform//  //Fecal coliform//, commonly known as Fecal bacteria, typically live in the guts and feces of humans and animals. They are long and cylindrical, or bacilli shaped. Fecal bacteria can enter rivers through waste from mammals and birds, from runoff (agricultural), storm runoff, and human sewage. However, they might also be the result of plant material, and pulp or paper mill effluent. Non-operating septic systems can allow coliforms in to flow into the water in the form of water tables, aquifers, drainage ditches, and nearby surface waters. Sewages that connect to storm drain pipes can also allow fecal bacterium into the water. Fecal bacteria grow only in elevated temperatures, and are only associated with warm blooded mammals. This sets them apart from the total coliform grouping. Fecal bacteria can cause multiple types of diseases.

Protists Protists are mostly single celled with some exceptions. They have a nucleus. Protozoans are what you could call "pre-animals".

Protozoans are animal like, with no cell walls, and no chlorophyll. They are usually single-celled, microscopic, and eukaryotic. **Protozoa Name (Scientific):** //Ophrydium versatile // //Ophrydium versatile// requires extremely clean water and a high penetration of the sun in order to survive in the water. They are very sensitive to heavy metals and water pollution of any kind, and so they typically live in very clean rivers.  .  Fungi: Multi-celled organisms with cell walls
 * Algae Name (Scientific): **    //Prymnesium parvum//    . It's common name is golden algae. It is a freshwater algae and found in brackish waters . Algae are plant like and have cell walls.

//Subbaromyces splendens// lives in polluted waters. Ascomycota are cup shaped fungi.
 * Kindom: **Fungi**
 * Pylum: **Ascomycota**
 * Class: **Ascomycetes**
 * Order: ** Ophiostomatales **
 * Family: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Ophiostomataceae **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Genus: **//Subbaromyces//**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Species: **//splendens//**

//Thamnidium elegans// lives in moist climates. Zygomycota is threadlike with pore(s) on the the end.
 * Kingdom: **Fungi**
 * Phylum: **Zygomycota**
 * Class: **Zygomycetes**
 * Order: **Mucorales**
 * Family: **Mucoraceae**
 * Genus: **//Thamnidium//**
 * Species: **//elegans//**



Basidiomycota are closely-packed filaments that are microscopic. They are the most important decayers of wood. Basidiomycota are closely-packed filaments that are microscopic. They are the most important decayers of wood.
 * Kingdom: **Fungi**
 * Phylum: **Basidiomycota**
 * Class: **Basidiomycetes**
 * Order: **Agaricales**
 * Family: ** Agaricaceae **
 * Genus: **//Coprinopsis//**
 * Species: **//atramentaria//**
 * Common Name: **Inky Cap**
 * Habitat Description: //Coprinopsis atramentaria// is usually located in the Northern Hemisphere, including Asia, North America, and Europe, but have also been found in Australia. Like most ink caps, "Inky Caps" grow in tufts, and thrive where moisture is common. They usually are associated with buried wood and are found in grasslands, meadows, disturbed ground, and open terrain from late spring to autumn.
 * Kingdom: **Fungi**
 * Phylum: **Basidiomycota**
 * Class: **Basidiomycetes**
 * Order: **Agaricales**
 * Family: **Strophariaceae**
 * Genus: **//Hypholoma//**
 * Species: //**fasciculare**//
 * Common Name: **Sulphur Tufts**
 * Habitat Description: Sulphur Tufts are gregarious to clustered on hardwood or conifer logs or stumps, sometimes in the grass from buried wood; they fruit from late fall to mid-winter. They most commonly live where moisture is abundant.

**__Plants__** Plants are multi-celled organisms that have cell walls and chlorophyll.

__Eric K.__ //Victoria cruziana// lives in rivers. It is also known as Santa Cruz Water Lily. Magnoliopsida is an angiosperm that has net shaped veins that flowers.
 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Division: Thracheophyta
 * Class: Magnoliopsida
 * Order: Nymphaeales
 * Family: Nymphaeaceae
 * Genus: //Victoria//
 * Species: //cruziana//

__Kevin P.__ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Magnoliopsida is an angiosperm, which has net-shaped veins and flowers. It commonly lives in both temperate and tropical areas, usually near a source of water.

Scientific Name: //Oxytropis// //macrobotrys//


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Kingdom: Plantae
 * Division: Magnoliophyta
 * Class: Magnoliopsida
 * Order: Fabales
 * Family: Fabaceae
 * Genus: //Oxytropis//
 * Species: //macrobotrys//

__Eric K.__ //Takakia lepidozioides// lives in misty areas. Hepaticopsida is a class that have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information.
 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Division: Hepitcophyta
 * Class: Hepitcopsita
 * Order: Takakiales
 * Family:Gracillarioidea
 * Genus: //Takakia//
 * Species: //lepidozioides//

__Kevin P.__ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 10.8pt;">Bryophyta is a division of non-flowering plants that are characterized by rhizoids instead of true roots. However, they have no vascular tissue, and comprises of true mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Buxbaumia aphylla// lives in temperate to subtropical areas, and are rarely seen unless sporophytes are present. It lives in decaying wood, shallow acid soil, and depressions on rock outcrops.


 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Division: Bryophyta
 * Class: Bryopsida
 * Order: Buxbaumiales
 * Family: Buxbaumiaceae
 * Genus: //Buxbaumia//
 * Species: //aphylla//

Common Name: Buxbaumia Moss, Bug-On-A-Stick Plant Scientific Name: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Buxbaumia aphylla//

__Eric K.__ //Doryopteris angelica// lives in moist area. It is also known as the Digit Fern. Pteridophyta is a Division that is greek for winged plants which means ferns.
 * Kingdom:Viridaeplantae
 * Division: Pteridophyta
 * Class: Filicopsida
 * Order: Polypodiales
 * Family: Adaintaceae
 * Genus: //Doryopteris//
 * Species: //pedata//

__Kevin P.__

Lycopodiophyta are distinguished by their microphylls and diversity. //Lycopodiella cernua// typically lives in full shaded areas.


 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Division: Lycopodiophyta
 * Class: Lycopodiopsida
 * Order: Lycopodiales
 * Family: Byrrhoidea
 * Genus: //Lycopodiella//
 * Species: cernua

Scientific Name: //Lycopodiella cernua// Common Name: Creeping Clubmoss, Staghorn Clubmoss

__Eric K.__ //Glyptostrobus pensilis// is also known as Chinese swamp cypress. As it's name suggests, it lives in moist areas, mostly along rivers and swamps. Pinopsida is a class that is defined by the active secondary growth of stem and root.
 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Phylum: Tracheophyta
 * Class: Pinopsida
 * Order: Pinales
 * Family: Suppressaceae
 * Genus: //Glyptostrobus//
 * Species: //pensilis//

__Kevin P.__



Ginkgoopsida is a class containing only one order, Ginkgoales. It is defined by the shape of the leaves. //Ginkgo adiantoides// can live in areas varying from very moist to dry. Ginkgos typically live in clusters.


 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Division: Tracheophyta
 * Class: Ginkgoopsida
 * Order: Ginkgoales
 * Family: Ginkgoaceae
 * Genus: //Ginkgo//
 * Species: //adiantoides//

Common Name: Ginkgo Scientific Name: //Ginkgo adiantoides//

__Eric K.__ //Potamogeton nodosus// is also knows as the long-leaf Pondweed. Liliopsida is a class that includes plants that produce an embryo that has parallel veined leaves.
 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Phylum: Tracheophyta
 * Class: Liliopsida
 * Order: Potamogetonales
 * Family: Potamogetonaceae
 * Genus: //Potamogeton//
 * Species: //nodosus//

__Kevin P __ Equisetophytas are photosynthetic, with hollow stems, occasionally filled with pith. //Equisetum arvense// lives anywhere from fields to riverbanks to marshes to tunda; it lives in an extremely large variety of environments.

Kindom: Plantae Division: Pteridophyta Class: Equisetophyta Order: Equisetales Family: Equisetacae Genus: //Equisetum// Species: //arvense//

Common Name: Horsetail Reed Scientific Name: //Equisetum arvense// __Eric K.__ //Typha latifolia// is also known as Broadleaf Cattail. It lives in rivers and swamps. Liliopsida is a class that includes plants that produce an embryo that has parallel veined leaves. __Kevin P.__ Lycopodiophyta repredocuces by shedding spores, although they some are homosporous while other are heterosporous. //Huperzia lucidula// commonly lives near rivers in shaded conifer and hardwood forests.
 * Kingdom: Plantae
 * Phylum: Tracheophyta
 * Class: Liliopsida
 * Order: Typhales
 * Family: Typhaceae
 * Genus: //Typha//
 * Species: //latifolia//

Kingdom: Plantae Division: Lycopodiophyta Class: Lycopsida Order: Lycopidiales Family: //Lycopodiaceae// Genus: //Huperzia// Species: //lucidula//

Common Name: Shining Club Moss Scientific Name: //Huperzia lucidula//

__ Animals __ Animals are multi-celled organisms that digest their food inside of their body.

__Eric K.__ //Oncorhynchus mykiss// is also known as River Trout. Osteichthyes is a Class consists of animals that have bones, gills, two pairs of fins, lay eggs and is exothermic. It is a vertebrae. It lives in most of rivers.
 * Kingdom: Animalia
 * Phylum: Chordata
 * Class: Osteichthyes
 * Order: Salmoniformes
 * Family: Salmonidae
 * Genus: //Oncorhynchus//
 * Species: //mykiss//

//__Kevin P.__//

//Pseudacris regilla// lives in wetlands, temperate forests, usually in vegetation near water. Class Amphibia is defined by their ability to live on land and in water, that is an ectotherm.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Hylidae Genus: //Pseudacris// Species: //regilla// Scientific Name: //Pseudacris regilla// Common Name: Pacific Tree Frog, Pacific Chorus Frog

__Eric K.__ //Odocoileus virginianus// is also known as White Tailed Dear. It is Vertebrae. It comes to rivers for water. Mammalia is a clas that consists of animals that have a complex nervous system and brain, have lungs, feed young with milk, most birth live young, live in most habitats, and are endothermic.
 * Kingdom: Animalia
 * Phylum: Chordata
 * Class: Mammalia
 * Order: Artiodactyla
 * Family: Cervidae
 * Genus: //Odocoileus//
 * Species: //virginianus//

//__Kevin P.

__// //Lontra canadensis// lives in the river, resting along the edge or in scent posts. Mammalia is defined by being endothermic, having a complex nervous system and brain, and they feed their young with milk. Most give birth to live young.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Genus: //Lontra// Species: //canadensis//

Scientific Name: //Lontra canadensis// Common Name: North American River Otter

__Eric K.__ //Branta canadensis// is also known as Canada Goose. It is a vertebrae. It comes to rivers for food and water. The Class Aves consists or animals that have hollow bones, enlarged lungs, lay eggs, scaly legs, feathers, clawed toes, and are endothermic.
 * Kingdom: Animalia
 * Phylum: Chordata
 * Class: Aves
 * Order: Anseriformes
 * Family: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular;">Anatidae
 * Genus: //Branta//
 * Species: //canadensis//

//__Kevin P.__

Nerodia harteri// lives in fast-flowing rocky streams and rivers free of vegetation at the water's edge. Reptilla are defined as being ectothermic, egg laying and having scales while breathing with the use of lungs.


 * Kingdom: Animalia
 * Phylum: Chordata
 * Class: Reptilla
 * Order: Squamata
 * Family: Colubridae
 * Genus: //Nerodia//
 * Species: //harteri//

Scientific Name: //Nerodia harteri// Common Name: Brazos Water Snake

__Eric K.__ //Orconectes nais// is also known as a Crayfish. It is an invertebrate. It lives in rivers under rocks. The Phylum Anthropoda consists of animals that have multiple body segments, jointed appendages, and exoskeletons.
 * Kingdom: Animalia
 * Phylum: Anthropoda
 * Class: Malacostraca
 * Order: Decapoda
 * Family: Astacidea
 * Genus: //Orconectes//
 * Species: //nais//

//__Kevin P.__// //Potamocorbula amurensis// is very tolerant of its surroundings; it lives in nearly all freshwater environments, living in all types of soil as well. Phylum molluska contains some animals that are hard, others more vulnerable. They have a soft body and developed organs.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Molluska Class: Bivalvia Order: Myoida Family: Corbuildae Genus: //Potamocorbula// Species: //amurensis//

Scientific Name: //Potamocorbula amurensis// Common Name: Amur River Clam, Asian Clam, Asian Bivalve, Amur River Corbula

__Eric K.__ //Hirudo medicinalis// is also known as Medicinal Leech. It is an invertebrate. The Class Clitellata consists of animals that have one opening for waste and another for waste, a simple nervous system and 5 "hearts". It lives in naturally occurring streams.


 * Kingdom: Animalia
 * Phylum: Annelida
 * Class: Clitellata
 * Order: Arhynchobdellida
 * Family: Hirudinidae
 * Genus: //Hirudo//
 * Species: //medicinalis//

//__Kevin P.__//

-No picture found

//Polycelis remota// is endangered, but is a free-living, freshwater flatworm found in rivers, typically on rocks. Platyhelminthes are defined as having no body cavity, allowing them to be flat, and has no specialized circulatory and respitory organs, allowing oxygen to filter through their bodies.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Turbellaria Order: Seriata Family: Planariidae Genus: //Polycelis// Species: //remota//

Scientific Name: //Polycelis remota// Common Name: Sunderland Spring Planarian

__Eric K.__ //Cernuella cisalpina// is also known as a snail. It is an invertebrate. It lives on rocks in or near all water. The Phylum Mollusca consists of animals that have a soft body, developed organs, some are hard and some are not. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropda Order://S//tylommatophora Family: Hygromiidae Genus: //Cernuella Species//: //cisalpina//

//__Kevin P.__//

//Polypodium hydriforme// lives in slow-moving water. Cnidaia, previously called Coelenterata, is defined by two layers of cells seperated by a jelly-like substance. They have one opening for food and another for waste.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria (Coelenterata) Class: Hydrozoa Order: Trachyloa Family: Polypodiidae Genus: //Polypodium// Species: //hydriforme//

Scientific Name: //Polypodium hydriforme// Common Name: No common name
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